CHAPTER 10:EXTENDING THE ORGANIZATION-SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

LEARNING OUTCOMES

1)LIST AND DESRIBE THE COMPONENTS OF A TYPICAL SUPPLY CHAIN.

SUPPLIER'S SUPPLIER ==> SUPPLIER ==> MANUFACTURER ==> DISTRIBUTOR ==> RETAILER ==> CUSTOMER ==> CUSTOMER'S CUSTOMER

2)DEFINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DECISION MAKING AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT.

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM) INVOLVES THE MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION FLOWS BETWEEN AND AMONG STAGES IN A STAGES IN A SUPPLY CHAIN TO MAXIMIZE TOTAL SUPPLY CHAIN EFFECTIVENESS AND PROFITABILITY.WITHOUT  SCM,DECISON MAKING CANNOT BE MADE.IT IS BECAUSE SCM HAVE A MAIN ROLES IN DECISION .MORE INFORMATION BEFORE DO THE DECISION MAKING MUST DEPENDS ON SCM.

3)DESCRIBE THE FOUR CHANGES RESULTING FROM ADVANCES IN IT THAT ARE DRIVING SUPPLY CHAINS.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY'S PRIMARY ROLE IN SCM IS CREATING THE INTEGRATIONS OR TIGHTR PROCESS AND INFORMATION LINKAGES BETWEEN FUNCTIONS WITHIN A FIRM SUCH AS MARKETING,SALES AND FINANCE.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATES PLANNING,DECION MAKING PROCESSES,BUSINESS OPERATING PROCESSES AND INFORMATION SHARING FOR BUSINESS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT.

4)SUMMARIZE THE BEST PRACTICES FOR IMPLEMENTING A SUCCESSFUL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

-MAKE THE SALE TO SUPPLIER, BE SURE SUPPLY ARE ON BOARD WITH THE BENEFITS THAT THE SCM SYSTEM WILL PROVIDE.
-WEAN EMPLOYEES OFF TRADITIONAL BUSINESS PRACTICES,IF THE ORGANIZATIONS CANNOT CONVINCE PEOPLE THAT USING THAT USING SOFTWARE WILL BE WORTH THEIR TIME,THEY WILL EASILY FIND WAYS TO WORK AROUND IT,WHICH WILL QUICKLY DECREASE THE CHANCES OF SUCCESS FOR THE SCM SYSTEM.
-ENSURE THE SCM SYSTEM SUPPORTS THE ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS,IF THE ORAGNIZATIONAL GOALS SUPPORTS HIGHLY EFFICIENT STRATEGIES, BE SURE THE SUPPLY CHAIN DESIGN HAS THE SAME GOALS.
-DEPLOY IN INCREMENTAL PHASES AND MEASURE AND COMMUNICATE SUCCESS,A BIG PICTURE PERSPECTIVE IS VITAL TO SCM SUCCESS,TEH INCREMENTAL APPROACH MEANS THE SCM SYSTEM SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED IN DIGESTIBLE BITES,AND ALSO MEASURED FOR SUCCESS ONE STEP AT A TIME.
-BE FUTIRED ORIENTED,THE KEY IS TO BE CERTAIN THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL MET FUTURE NEEDS,NOT ONLY CURRENT NEEDS.

chapter 9 enabling the organizational decision making

Decision Making

:)  Reasons for Growth of Decision Making Information System

       - People need to analyze large amounts of information – Improvements in technology itself, innovations in communication, and globalization have resulted in a dramatic increase in the alternatives and                   dimensions people need to consider when making a decision or appraising an opportunity

       - People must make decisions quickly – Time is of the essence and people simply do not have time to               sift through all the information manually

      -  People must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as modeling and forecasting, to  make good           decisions – Information systems substantially reduce the time required to perform these sophisticated             analysis techniques

      -  People must protect the corporate asset of organizational information – Information systems offer the              security required to ensure organizational information remains safe.

:)  Model – A simplified representation or abstraction of reality

:)  IT systems in an enterprise

Transaction Processing System

:)  Moving up through the organizational pyramid users move from requiring transactional information to analytical information

:)  Transaction processing system – the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysis) in an organization

:)  Online transaction processing (OLTP) – the capturing of transaction and event information using technology to (1) process the information according to defined business rules, (2) store the information, (3) update existing information to reflect the new information

:)  Online analytical processing (OLAP) – the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making

Decision support systems

:)  Decision support system (DSS) – models information to support managers and business professionals during the decision-making process

:)  Three quantitative models used by DSSs include;

1.       Sensitivity analysis – the study of the impact that changes in one (or more) parts of the model have on other parts of the model

2.       What-if analysis – checks the impact of a change in an assumption on the proposed solution

3.       Goal-seeking analysis – finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of outputs

                           What-if analysis

                            Goal-seeking analysis

Executive information system

:)  Executive information system (EIS) – A specialized DSS that supports senior level executives within the                                                                  organization

:)  Most EISs offering the following capabilities;

- Consolidation – involves the aggregation of information and features simple roll-ups to complex                                              groupings of interrelated information

- Drill-down – enables users to get details, and details of information

- Slice-and-dice – looks at information from different perspectives

  Interaction between a TPS and an EIS

  Interaction between a TPS and a DSS

 

:) Digital dashboard – integrates information from multiple components and presents it in a united display

                                  Artificial intelligence (AI)

:)  The ultimate goal of AI is the ability to build a system that can mimic human intelligence

:)  Intelligent system – various commercial applications of artificial intelligence

:)  Artificial intelligence (AI) – simulates human intelligence such as the ability to reason and learn

:)  Four most common categories of AI include;

   1.Expert system – computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in                                         solving difficult problems

   2. Neural network – attempts to emulate the way the human brain works

                                  o   Fuzzy logic – a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective                                                                             information

   3. Genetic algorithm – an artificial intelligent system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest                                             process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem

   4. Intelligent agent – special-purposed knowledge-based information system that accomplishes specific                                          tasks on behalf of its users

Data Mining

:)  Data-mining software includes many forms of AI such as neutral networks and expert systems

project focus!!FACEBOOK

                                       
GROUP ASSGMENT:
SITI ZUBAIDAH
NUR HIDAYAH



    

Information technology (IT) is a field concerned of technology in managing and processing information. Types of errors occur when one fails, then chances are the business will fail. Most managers understand their business initiatives well, but are often at a loss when it comes to knowing how to use and manage IT effectively is support of those initiatives.

How could these types of errors occur?

Another company tries to create a new product/services by stealing the main concept of Facebook operation. Due to the advances in technology, it is easier for people to copy everything. There’s an ethical and privacy issues here. Those people who stole this idea should consider the principles and standards that guide their behavior towards other people. They don’t have any rights and should be sued.

What could happen if you decided to use Facebook to collect information intelligence for a research paper?

• Plagiarism and copyright issues may be occurred.

• The privacy of social networks cannot be fully trusted.

• False information may be added by other people.

• Internet violence.

• There are a lot of unscrupulous businesses that have sprung up on the internet to take advantage of people.

• Hackers can create viruses that can get into your personal computer and ruin valuable data.

What could Facebook do to help prevent these types of errors? 

The organization need to supervise the security systems more often. And the Chief Security Officer should be responsible to make sure the systems develop run smoothly and keep the privacy of the user safely. Private information should be store in proper way. To gain trust from the users, they should keep their copyright and once they’ve been fraud they can tighten their security and filter the information uploads by each of the user(s).